intermediate
Expert Reviewed
14 min read

Social Anxiety in Dogs

Help your dog feel comfortable around unfamiliar people and other dogs

Understanding Social Anxiety

Social anxiety in dogs refers to fear or discomfort around unfamiliar people, other dogs, or social situations. This isn't "bad behaviour"—it's a genuine fear response that requires patience and systematic desensitisation.

Signs of Social Anxiety

Dogs experiencing social anxiety may display:

  • Hiding, cowering, or trying to escape
  • Excessive barking or lunging (fear-based reactivity)
  • Freezing or refusing to move
  • Avoidance behaviours (looking away, turning away)
  • Stress signals: panting, yawning, lip licking, whale eye
  • Aggression as a last resort when escape isn't possible

Common Triggers

Social anxiety can be triggered by:

  • Unfamiliar people (especially men, children, or people in hats/uniforms)
  • Other dogs (especially on-leash or in confined spaces)
  • Crowded environments
  • Direct approach or prolonged eye contact
  • Reaching hands or sudden movements
  • Lack of early socialisation

Gradual Socialisation Programme

Follow these steps for the best results

1

Identify the Threshold

Find the distance at which your dog notices the trigger but remains calm. This is your starting point. Never force interaction or allow your dog to be overwhelmed.

2

Counter-Conditioning

Change your dog's emotional response to the trigger through positive associations:

  • Start at a distance where your dog is calm
  • When the trigger appears, feed high-value treats continuously
  • When the trigger disappears, treats stop
  • Repeat many times until your dog looks to you happily when seeing the trigger
  • Very gradually decrease distance over weeks
3

Manage the Environment

Set your dog up for success:

  • Avoid overwhelming situations (busy parks, crowded streets)
  • Walk during quieter times
  • Use distance as your friend—cross the street if needed
  • Tell people your dog is in training and ask them not to approach
  • Consider a vest saying "In Training" or "Needs Space"
4

Build Confidence Through Choice

Allow your dog to approach at their own pace:

  • Never force interaction
  • Let your dog choose to approach or retreat
  • Reward brave, calm behaviour
  • Keep interactions brief and positive
  • Always provide an escape route
5

What NOT to Do

Avoid these common mistakes:

  • Don't force your dog to interact ("just say hello")
  • Don't use punishment or corrections for fearful behaviour
  • Don't flood your dog with triggers
  • Don't allow strangers to pet your dog without permission
  • Don't push your dog beyond their comfort zone
6

Professional Support

For severe social anxiety, especially if involving aggression, work with a certified behaviourist who uses force-free methods. This ensures safety and proper progression.

Action Checklist

Use this checklist to ensure you're covering all the important steps

Identify your dog's specific triggers and threshold distance
Stock up on high-value treats for training
Plan routes with distance and escape options
Practice at quiet times and locations initially
Set up positive associations with triggers
Keep a training log to track progress
Protect your dog from overwhelming situations
Reward all calm, brave behaviour
Consult a professional if aggression is present